by According to a study published this week in a study published in Science, an old city was most likely ruled by women who lived in a “matriarchal society”.
Researchers extracted the old genomes of more than 130 skeletons from 35 different houses in Çatalhöyük, an old city that is considered one of the best preserved neolithic settlements in southern anatolia in Turkey. About 395 skeletons, a mixture of men and females, were found in grave pits under the floors of the Mudbrick houses of the city. The city has become known for its female characters for more than 1,000 years (9,000 to 8,000 BC), possible representatives of a “mother goddess” cult and sign of a matriarchal society.
A team of genetics, archaeologists and biological anthropologists used state -of -the -art technology over 12 years to analyze the Skeleton’s DNA, and found that the mother line had a key role in the connection of household members, as was represented by burials in every building.
In the early years in Çatalhöyük, family members were buried together, but over time the habits changed, and the researchers found that many of the dead had no biological connection. Where there was a genetic connection, it was through the female line, which indicates that husbands were moved to the woman’s household in the marriage, the researchers said.
There is an excavation site in the old city of Çatalhöyük. / Credit: Serhat Cetinkaya/ Anadolu via Getty Images
Using genetic sequencing, the researchers estimated that in 70 to 100% of cases female descendants remained connected to buildings, while adult male descendants could possibly have moved away. There was also a clear pattern of the preferred treatment towards women, the results showing five times more grave goods that women were offered as men than men.
“We have to move away from our western bias, which assumes that all companies are patrilineal. Many cultures, including some indigenous Australian groups, pass identity, land rights and responsibilities across the line of mother-one matrilineal system,” said the co-export Dr. Eline Schotsmans, a Research Fellow at the Australian University School, said in an explanation.
These results come for a few months after researchers who study social networks in the Celtic Society in Great Britain found That women were closely related, while men who were not related to the community came from elsewhere, probably after the marriage.
Her study published in the magazine Nature, using an investigation of the old DNA, which was recovered from 57 graves in Dorset in southwestern England, shows that two thirds of the individuals descend from a single maternal descent. This indicates that women had a certain control over land and property as well as strong social support, researchers said.
After the publication of their results, the researchers said: “It is possible that the maternal descent was the primary shaper of group identities.”
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