August 30, 2025
“We definitely expect the unexpected”
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“We definitely expect the unexpected”

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    (Main) An illustration shows two neutron stars that collide and merge and create a Kilonova explosion. (Insert) The Roman space telescope from Nancy Grace will chase this and many other types of cosmic explosions.

(Main) An illustration shows two neutron stars that collide and merge and create a Kilonova explosion. (Insert) The Roman space telescope from Nancy Grace will chase this and many other types of cosmic explosions. | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva)/NASA Goddard

It is no wonder that astronomers are enthusiastic about the next Big Space Telescope project of NASA, the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope.

The latest studies have proposed RomanCurrently, up to 100,000 powerful cosmic explosions will be discovered by May 2027 at the latest, while it will be carried out Wedding time-time domestic survey Observation program.

These mighty and violent events will include Supernovas This signals the death of massive stars, KilonovasWhat happens when two of the extremely dead stars of the universe or “neutron star” beat together and “bump” Feed super massive black holes. Roman could even see the explosive destruction of the universe First generation of stars.

These explosions could help scientists to crack the secret of darkThe placekeeper name for the strange power caused Expansion of the universe To accelerate and a variety of other cosmic puzzles.

“No matter whether you want to explore dark energy, dying stars, galactic power plants or probably even completely new things that we have never seen before, this survey will be a gold mine,” research manager Benjamin Rose, assistant professor at Baylor University. said in an explanation.

Roman will chase white dwarfs, the boom will go!

The time domestic survey with high distribution will achieve your explosive results by scanning the same space every five days for a period of two years.

These observations are then “put together” to create films that reveal a wealth of cosmic explosions.

A graphic that shows an area of a starry night sky and four different types of objects that could be recognized in it: supernovas, transients, galaxies and dark energy

An infographic that describes the time domestic survey with high width, which is carried out by the Nancy Grace Roman space telescope of the NASA. | Credit: Nasas Goddard Space Flight Center

Many of them will be Type Ia SupernovasA kind of cosmic explosion that occurs when a “dead star” or appearance White dwarf feeds On an accompanying star that is so harmless that it blows its top.

These cosmic explosions are of crucial importance for the astronomers, since their light output and their lace brightness from the event are so regular that they can be used to measure cosmic distances. This regularity means that astronomers on Type -ia -Supernovas call “standard candles”.

This new research, which simulated the entire Time-Domain survey by Roman, indicates that the space telescope could reveal up to 27,000 new Type-Oupernovas. That’s about 10 times as many of them White dwarf Destruction of explosions as a combined harvest of all previous surveys.

A light blue ball surrounded by orange smoke that connects it to the lower hemisphere of a larger orange ball

An illustration of a white dwarf star that feeds in front of a type Ia Supernova of Type Ia Supernova | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva)

By considering standard candles over different large distances, the astronomers essentially look back into the cosmic period and enables them to determine how quickly the universe expands at these times.

Such an abundance of Type -ia Supernovas should reveal information about the secrets of dark energy. This could help check the latest knowledge from the Dark Energy Specroscopic Instrument (Desi) This indicates this strange force actually Weakening over time.

“The filling of these data gaps could also fill gaps in our understanding of dark energy,” said Rose. “The evidence is increasingly that the dark energy has changed over time, and Roman will help us understand this change by examining cosmic history in a way that other telescopes cannot.”

Dying stars tell the story of the outstanding life cycle

The team estimates that up to 60,000 of the 100,000 cosmic explosions that could be discovered by Roman will be so-called “core collapse Supernovas”.

These occur when massive stars reach the end of its nuclear fuel at least 8 -heavier than the sun can no longer support and can no longer support the collapse of gravity.

If these stars collapse quickly, the outer layers are shot away in supernovas and the elements forged by these stars are distributed by the cosmos in order to become the building blocks of the next generation of stars, their planets and possibly even life forms that live on these planets. Depending on the mass of the forerunner’s star, core collapse Supernovas leave either neutron stars or black holes.

This means that you cannot help to struggle the secret of dark energy like type Ia Supernovas May, but can recognize the history of star life and death.

An illustration shows a rotating super massive black hole

Star material whirls around a supernova that creates black hole | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva)

“By seeing how the light of an object changes over time and divides it into spectra – individual colors with patterns that reveal information about the object that emits the light, we can distinguish between the different types of flashes that will see the novel,” is explained by the member of the research team Rebekah Hunensell by Nasas Goddard Space Flight Center. “With the data set we have created, scientists can train mechanical-learning algorithms to distinguish between different types of objects and to seven by novel through data to find them.

“During the search for Type -ia Supernovas, Roman will collect a lot of cosmic bycatch -other phenomena that are not useful for some scientists, but will be invaluable for others.”

Rare cosmic gemstones and pure gold kilonovas

One of the rarer events that Roman could also recognize occurs when black holes devour unhappy stars that hike too close to them.

During this tidal interruption events (TDEs), the star, who is doomed to fail, is torn down by the enormous influence of the black hole over the immense swimming powers, which it generates.

Although a large part of the star is consumed by the black hole, these cosmic titans are messy eaters, which means that the enormous amount of this star material vomit at speeds that approach the speed of light.

The representation of an artist of a super massive black hole that exudes a jet from

A black hole tears a star and devours it in a Tidal Disruption -Event | Credit: Carl Knox – Ozgrav, Excellence Center for Gravitational Waves, Swinburne University of Technology

This beam of matter and the star material of the destroyed star, which is referred to around the black hole in a flattened, swirling cloud, which is referred to as the accretion disc, create emissions about the electromagnetic spectrum.

Roman will chase these emissions to recognize TDEs, and this team predicts that the time domestic survey will perform around 40 of these star destruction events with a high width.

Kilonovas, explosive light outbursts that occur when two neutron stars throw and merge are even more tangible than TDE.

The team estimates that Roman could uncover around 5 new Kilonovas, and although this is a little harvest, these observations could be crucial to understand where precious metals such as gold and silver come from.

An illustration shows two wide balls that collide and merge

An illustration shows two neutron stars that collide and merge that create a Kilonoav explosion | Credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva)

Although most elements that we see around us are generated in the heart of stars, these star ovens also lack the pressures and temperatures that are difficult to form elements that are more than iron. It is believed that the environments around neutron star collisions are extremely enough to create elements such as gold, silver and plutonium.

These would start life as even more difficult elements that are unstable and quickly fall into expression. This decay releases the light, which is considered a kilonovas, and to examine so that light is crucial to understand this process.

The examination of Kilonovas could also help determine which types of heavenly bodies are generated when neutron stars merge. This could be an even larger neutron star that quickly collapses into a black hole, an immediately formed black hole or something new and impossible.

So far, astronomers have definitely only confirmed the detection of a Kilonova, which means that even five would be a real blessing for science.

Roman is looking for instability in the first stars

Perhaps the most exciting cosmic explosion cover that could make the novel would be the observation of the strange explosive death of the first stars in the universe.

At the moment it is theoretized that these early massive stars may have died differently than modern stars.

Instead of undergoing the core collapse described above, gamma rays could have generated matter-antimacy pairs in the form of electrons and positrons within the first stars. These particles would meet within the star and destroy each other, and this would release energy, which leads to self-detonation, which is referred to as the “couple instability Supernova”.

These explosions are so powerful that they are theorized that they do not leave anything behind, apart from the fingerprint of the elements that were generated during the life of this star.

Two colorful explosions of the light on starry background

An illustration of couple instability suternovae of very massive early stars that leave chemical fingerprints throughout the universe. | Credit: Naoc

So far, astronomers have had dozens of candidates for couple instability suternovas, but none have been confirmed. The simulation of the team indicates that Roman could occur up to ten confirmed couple instability suternovas.

“I think Roman will carry out the first confirmed detection of a couple instability suternova,” said Rose. “They are incredibly far away and very rare, so they need a telescope that can examine a lot of the sky at a deep exposure level in the almost infrared light, and that’s Roman.”

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The team intends to carry out another simulation of Roman’s study on the cosmos, which could indicate that it could recognize and even a wider series of powerful and violent events, perhaps even some that have not yet been theorized.

“Roman will find a whole range of strange and wonderful things in space, including some that we have not even thought of,” concluded Hunsell. “We definitely expect the unexpected.”

This research was published on Tuesday (July 15) in the Astrophysical Journal.

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